膝交叉韧带的血供及其临床意义

The blood supply of cruciate ligaments of knee and its clinical application

目的:探讨交叉韧带血管构筑特点、为韧带损伤的重建提供解剖学依据。方法:通过股动脉红色乳胶灌注并解剖观察、墨汁灌注组织透明、组织切片等方法,研究交叉韧带的动脉来源、分布特点并测量韧带内微血管密度。结果:前、后交叉韧带的动脉分别来源于膝中动脉、髌下脂肪垫以及膝下外动脉的分支。多数韧带内血管沿长轴走行,同时也有横向交通的小血管,血管网呈梯状或平行的丛状。近侧端和远侧端较密而中间部相对稀疏。结论:交叉韧带血供存在如下特点:①中心区为明显的乏血管区;②中间段边缘区也相对乏血管;③韧带两端血供最丰富,且近侧段好于远侧段。

Objective： To study the vascular architecture characteristics of cruciate ligaments of knee, and Offer the anatomy basis for the reconstruction of injuried ligaments Methods： The arterial origin, vessel distribution.and microvessel density of cruciate ligaments were observed and measured on cadavers injected emulsion into femoral artery, and tissue slices treated with ink filling and transparence skill. Results： The arteries of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments respectively came from the branches of middle genicular artery, infrapatellar fat pad artery and lateral inferior genicular artery. Most of them distributed along the long axis of ligaments,and were connected by transversed little blood vessels to form ladder-shaped or plexiform-paralleled vascular networks. The vascular nets of proximal and distal parts were dense, but middle part relatively sparse. Conclusions： The blood supply of cruciate ligaments shows the following characteristics： （1）The central part obviously absent blood vessels; （2）The marginal division of intermediate regime relatively lack of vessels; （3）Blood supply of two ends of cruciate ligaments is rich, especially the proximal part of it.