不对称牵引对成年大鼠髁突软骨Ⅱ型胶原的影响

Effect of asymmetry traction on the expression of type Ⅱ collagen in adult rat condyle

目的通过观察不对称牵引引起的成年SD大鼠髁突软骨中Ⅱ型胶原的变化,了解关节外机械应力对髁突软骨细胞合成Ⅱ型胶原活性的影响。方法选用10周龄雄性SD大鼠220只(随机分为轻力组104只、重力组104只、对照组12只),实验组动物使用关节外固定加力装置,分别施加0.39N和1.18N(轻力组和重力组),加力第28天拆除加力装置。在加力后3、7、14、28d以及停止牵引后3、7、14、28d分别取得标本,进行免疫组化染色。结果Ⅱ型胶原阳性信号主要在软骨细胞胞浆表达,在成熟带和肥大带细胞中表达明显。在实验的不同阶段,不同部位的发生表达强度不同。在牵引力加载以后,重力组Ⅱ型胶原表达的变化的幅度不如轻力组明显,但2组相对应的加力侧和非加力侧发生的变化趋势相近——加力侧在加力早期出现表达下调,在去除牵引力后出现表达量的增加,随即又下降到在加力阶段最低的水平,然后逐渐升高;非加力侧在加力后表达上调,2组在第14天达到高峰。去除牵引力后,发生下调,然后都再次升高。结论成年个体的髁突软骨在受到外力后仍然出现了Ⅱ型胶原合成的变化。Ⅱ型胶原的表达在蛋白质合成活跃的成熟带和肥大带出现,单侧向前牵引对加力侧的软骨基质合成具有抑制作用,较大的牵引力对抑制作用要强于较轻的牵引力;非加力侧受到的应力性质不同,出现细胞外基质合成加速。

Objective The aim of this investigation was to study the expression of collagen type Ⅱ in the cartilage of mandibular condyle following asymmetric inter-maxillary traction. Methods Two hundred and twenty SD rats were used in this study （one hundred and four rats loading 0.39 N elastic force, another one hundred and four rats loading 1.18 N elastic force, while twelve rats for control）. The extra-joint device was fixed on the right side by surgery. Half of the experimental group was killed at 3, 7, 14, 28 days. The devices were removed at the 28th day in the rest rats, and the rats were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 28 days after removing the device. The type Ⅱ collagen expression levels of all the joints were measured using immunohistochemieal techniques. Results The positive expression of the type Ⅱ collagen was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of chondrocyte, especially in maturative and hypertrophic layer. The expression intensity was different in different stages and different sides. Both of the two experimental groups showed the same tendency, while the changes in the light force group were more obviously than the heavy force group. In the right side （force-loading side）, the type Ⅱ collagen expression decreased at the early force-loading period. After the device was removed, the expressions increased immediately but then reach the lowest level. The expression almost recovered to normal level at the end of experiment. In the left side （none force-loading side）, the expression remained increasing after forceloading and reached the peak at the 14th day. Conclusion These results suggest that even in the adult individuals, the chondrocyte showed reaction to the mechanical force by altering type Ⅱ collagen expression patterns and it may be the cause of the cartilage remolding after asymmetric inter-maxillary traction. A forward elastic force showed a depressant effect in matrix synthesis, and heavy force had stronger effect. But the rotation of condyle accelerated the matrix synthesis.