我国部分省市旋毛虫病的血清学调查研究

Serological survey on trichinellosis in some areas of China

目的以血清学检测了解我国旋毛虫病的流行现状,为制定旋毛虫病防治对策提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,对受检居民进行问卷调查和ELISA血清抗体检测。结果在河南等省10个省(市、区)调查93239人,阳性3149人,阳性率3.38%。各地人群旋毛虫血清抗体阳性率差异有显著性(χ2=1699.28,P<0.0001),以云南省最高(8.45%),辽宁省最低(0.26%)。不同年龄组人群血清抗体阳性率差异有显著性,以30岁～组最高(3.81%),0～岁组最低(1.97%)(χ2=98.96,P<0.0001)。血清抗体阳性率无性别差异(χ2=1.23,P>0.05)。单因素、多因素回归分析显示,年龄、生食猪肉及使用不洁砧板是主要流行因素。结论旋毛虫病的流行形势依然严峻,其感染与生活及饮食习惯有关,应加强卫生检疫和防治工作。

To understand the present situation of epidemics with trichinellosis in China and to evaluate the effect to control this disease in 10 years, in order to offer the scientific evidence for prevention and treatment measures with triehinellosis in the future. Used stratified random sampling to sample residents from 200 sites in 100 counties of 10 provinces of China to in vestigate questionnaire. ELISA was employed to test the blood serum from resident. Among the 93 239 serum samples, 3 149 were found to be positive of antibody against trichina by ELISA with a serum positive rate of 3.38%. Statistics showed significant difference with serum positive rate of antibody against trichina in different provinces（X^2 = 1699.28, P〈0. 0001）, with the highest positive rate of 8.45% in Yunnan province and the lowest rate of 0.26% in Liaoning province; Also there were significant difference with serum positive rate of antibody against trichina in different areas, with the highest positive rate were 5.46% in southwest area（X^2 =591.57, P〈0. 0001）. And significant difference with serum positive rate of antibody against trichina in different age group, with the highest positive rate 3.81% in 30- stage（X^2 = 98.96, P〈0. 0001）, while the difference between sexes was not significant（X^2 = 1.23, P〉0.05）. A single factor, and multi-factor regression analysis revealed that the senior, enjoying eating raw pork and using unclear chopping block were the main risk factors. The prevalence situation of trichinosis was still austerity and showed epidemic regionality. After all reasons it may be the crowd custom of life, including biting and supping in difference geographical area. The health education of reasonable diet habits and individual behavior should be strengthened, at the same time the quarantine for pork should be strengthened to prevent the infected pork flowing into the market. In addition, the control strategy and measures of trichinellosis should be adjusted based on the findings in different regions.