新疆猪毛菜属4种植物核型分析及进化研究

Karyotype of 4 Species of Salsola L. in Xinjiang and Their Evolution

采用常规压片法,对钠猪毛菜、准噶尔猪毛菜、小药猪毛菜和薄翅猪毛菜等4种新疆猪毛菜属植物的染色体核型进行了分析,并对已报道的12种新疆猪毛菜属植物核型进行了比较。结果表明:(1)钠猪毛菜体细胞染色体数2n=2x=18=12m+6sm,准噶尔猪毛菜、小药猪毛菜体细胞染色体数为2n=2x=18=18m,该3种均属于1A型;薄翅猪毛菜体细胞染色体数为2n=2x=54=50m+2sm+2st,属2A型;(2)12种新疆猪毛菜属植物核型比较结果证明,猪毛菜属植物的染色体基数为9,钠猪毛菜、准噶尔猪毛菜和小药猪毛菜均为二倍体,薄翅猪毛菜为六倍体,钠猪毛菜和准噶尔猪毛菜具有随体。准噶尔猪毛菜、小药猪毛菜、薄翅猪毛菜属植物的核型均属于首次报道。

Using the common（slice making） method,the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of four Salsola L.species in Xinjiang had been studied.The results showed that the chromosome number and karyotype formulae of these four species are：S.nitraria Pall.2n=2x=18=12m＋6sm,1A type,S.dschungarica IIjin.and S.micranthera Botsch.2n=2x=18=18m,1A type;S.pellucida Litv.2n=2x=54=50m＋2sm＋2st,2A type;the results proved the conclusion that the basic chromosome number of the genus Salsola L.is 9.S.pellucida is a hexaploid and other three species are all diploid.Except for S.nitraria,the karyotypes of other three Salsola L.species were documented for the first time.In this paper,the orientation of karyotype development and the karyotypes of some similar species from 12 Salsola L.species were discussed also.