论阿尔都塞“历史无主体”思想的局限性

On the Limitations of Althusser's Thought of History without a Subject

"历史无主体"是阿尔都塞对马克思历史辩证法所作的结构主义式解读。在他看来,历史的发展不是时间上连续发生的同质过程,而是社会结构合规律地转变的历史。共时性在方法论上应该被赋予高于历时性的优先地位。接着,他为了反对人道主义的马克思主义把人看作抽象的、具有先验本质的主体,反对把历史理解为这种抽象主体的异化和复归,宣称"历史无主体",这不仅在表述上是不准确的,而且表明阿尔都塞并没有真正理解马克思。

History without a subject is Ahhusser＇s structuralistic interpretation of Marx＇s historical dialectics. In Ahhusser＇s opinion, history doesn＇t refer to a continuous time process but the regular change of the social structure. He held that synchronicity is superior to diachronism in methodology. Ahhusser opposed Humanitarianism Marxism that regarded human as an abstract and transcendental subject and didn＇t agree with the view that regarded history as an alienation and reversion of this abstract subject. Therefore, he raised the thought of history without a subject, which not only was an inaccurate expression, but also showed that Althusser didn＇t truly understand Marxism.