刘向校书动机发微

The Micro-Motive of Liu Xiang to Collate Books

先秦时期文献的丰厚积累,秦始皇焚书和秦末动乱对典籍流传的破坏,西汉初中期图书文献的增加,以及汉朝的求书、藏书和校书传统,构成了刘向校书的学术背景。然而元、成二朝郊庙礼制改革的论争,以及成帝朝灾异屡降,迫使成帝急需理论的依据和历史的借鉴,加之成帝个人对典籍经书的喜爱,便效法前朝以求书、校书来寻求解决现实政治问题的传统,这才是成帝下诏校书的真正的动机。刘向适逢其时,以其特殊的身份承担了历史交托给他的重大使命。因此,唯有全面理解刘向校书在学术文化与现实政治上的功能,才能更充分地掌握成帝下诏校书的实质目的和整体意义。

Ancient Books accumulation during pre-Qin period, Qin Shi Huang ＂burnt books＂ and the destruction of spreading ancient books in turmoil during the end of Qin dynasty, increase of the books and document at the beginning and middle period of Western Han Dynasty, And the traditions of searching books, collecting books and collating books in Hart dynasty, constituted the background of Liu Xiang for collated books. Debates on reforming religious ceremony during Quan and Cheng dynasty and disasters in Cheng dynasty, forced Han Cheng Di to find theoretical and historical basis for reference. Furthermore, he liked the ancient books very much, so he wanted to follow the former dynasty to search and collate books to seek the solution about the politics. At that time, Liu Xiang used his particular identity to take the important mission given by history. Only comprehensive understanding of Liu Xiang in the academic culture and the function of politics, can we fully grasped the real purpose and overall significance of HanChengDi making a decree for colleting books.