基于径向运动信息的单星对星快速无源定轨跟踪方法研究

Research of Satellite-to-Satellite Fast Passive Orbit Determination and Tracking from Radial motion Measurements

在单星对星无源定轨跟踪中,传统的测角类定位方法存在精度低、收敛时间过长等问题。根据目标卫星与观测卫星之间存在剧烈相对运动的特点,将径向速度和离心加速度等径向运动信息引入单星对星无源定轨系统。推导利用径向运动信息的定轨原理,导出适当的状态预测方程及其对应的状态转移矩阵,提出一种基于径向运动信息的单星对星无源定轨跟踪方法。仿真实例表明,与测角类定轨方法相比,该方法较具有更高的估计精度,且收敛速度有很大的改善,可以实现快速定轨,另外计算耗时相当。

For the research of satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination and tracking, the passive location methods based on bearings are lacking in convergence rate and location accuracy. Since the motion of target satellite relatively to observer satellite is violent, Radial motion measurements, such as radial velocity and centrifugal accelerate, are utilized as observed quantity. The orbit determination theory from radial motion measurements is discussed, and an appropriate state prediction formulation and the corresponding state-transition matrix are derived. Then, a novel satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination and tracking method from Radial motion Measurements is proposed. Simulations are designed and carried out. The results indicate that, compared with the bearing-only method, higher accuracy of estimation and faster convergence are obtained using the novel method, and the computational complexity of the later is comparable with the former.