生态因子对冬枣果实品质的影响

Effect of ecological factors on the quality of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. "Dongzao" fruit

以滨州市博兴、泰安市新泰冬枣示范基地的冬枣园为试验对象,研究了两地冬枣园生育期主要气象因素、土壤肥力因子以及冬枣果实不同成熟度品质指标之间的关系。结果表明:土壤因素对枣果可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质的影响大于气象因子,增施钾肥、有机肥有助于改善两者含量;雨量大,偏施磷、氮肥均可提高枣果可滴定酸、游离氨基酸含量,而偏施钾肥可降低两者含量;枣果Vc含量的高低受土壤、气候两因素的共同作用,与土壤中有效铜含量呈显著正相关。果实含水量的高低受土壤质地、肥力的影响较大;降雨量大,土壤富含Fe、P、Zn等元素可增大果形指数,使果实近长圆形,反之则可使果实近卵圆形。此外,土壤增施Ca、Mg等微肥有利于提高果实含糖量、Vc和可溶性蛋白质含量。

Relationships between main climatic factors,soil fertility and quality indexes of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.＂Dongzao＂ fruit in Boxing of Binzhou City and Xintai of Tai＇an City were analyzed at different stages of fruit maturity.The results indicate that soil factors have stronger effect on soluble sugar and protein content of Z.jujube cv.＂Dongzao＂ than climatic factors.Application of K and organic fertilizer remarkably enhances soluble sugar and protein content of Z.jujuba cv.＂Dongzao＂.High rainfall,and P and N fertilizer application remarkably enhance titratable acid and free amino acid content,which is contrast to the effect of K fertilizer application.Vitamin C content is controlled by both climatic and soil factors.Available Cu is significantly correlated with vitamin C content.Fruit water content has positive correlation with soil texture and fertility.Excessive rainfall,and high Fe,P and Zn content in soil increase fruit shape index that make fruits long-globoid,which are otherwise ovoid in shape.Furthermore,application of Ca and Mg microelement fertilizer increases the contents of soluble sugar,Vc and soluble protein.