GPS相对测量技术在水土保持中的应用

Application of GPS in Soil and Water Conservation

介绍了相对定位方法、软硬件及仪器设备，结合在陕北安塞县大南沟的实测体会及测量结果分析，详细讨论了ＧＰＳ定位技术在黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域水土流失监测中的独特优越性，并对实测中ＧＰＳ在实时定位时所暴露出的问题及其原因进行了初步探讨。测量结果分析表明：ＧＰＳ相对定位测量坡面定位精度可达毫米级。但在沟谷内等地形狭窄的地方，信号较弱，卫星失锁现象严重，ＧＰＳ定位精度较差，其应用受到限制。

The methods of relative positioning, software and instruments etc. on GPS were briefly introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages on GPS position in the loess hilly area were discussed in detail on the basis of the field experiences on GPS position and an analyses on survey data in Ansai county, Shaanxi province of China. The results show that the survey precision of GPS is as high as 0.1 mm on the hillslope, and is poor in the gully because of the sudden negative landform there.