岩溶地区土地利用变化的水文响应研究——以贵州后寨河流域为例

Hydrological responses to land-use changes in karst area——A case study in Houzhai river,Guizhou province

以贵州普定后寨地下河流域为研究区,在分析流域生态环境特征以及岩溶水形成机制的基础上,通过野外调查、资料收集并结合现代空间技术、地理信息系统和遥感技术,研制开发了适合我国后寨河流域的基于落水洞的岩溶半分布式水文模型,分析了土地利用/覆被变化对流域径流的影响以及流域产汇流参数对比关系。结果表明:生态建设后除最大土壤蓄水量增大外,其它产流参数变化不大;汇流参数基本小于生态建设前,但相差不大;在降雨条件不变的情况下,生态建设后的产流量小于生态建设前的产流量,生态建设前土地覆被下的流量在低水位时比生态建设后的流量稍高,而在高水位时生态建设前流量比生态建设后的流量稍低。

Selecting Houzhai underground river basin as a study area,a sinkhole-based semi-distributed karst hydrologic model, which is based on the analysis of ecological environment features and karst water formation mechanism, was proposed and the impact of land-use and vegetation cover changes on the catchment runoff and the relationship between yield flow parameter and confluence flow parameter in Houzhai catchment, Guizhou province was discussed by means of field investigation, data collection and modern spatial technology as well as geography information system and remote sensing technology in this paper. It is proved that, after the eco-construction, flow yield parameters change little except the maximum soil moisture storage, confluence flow parameter change little too and get less than that before eco-construction basically. It is also proved that, under the constant rainfall, flow yield decrease and the runoff which is under the vegetation coverage becomes smaller at low water level and becomes larger at high water level after the eco-construction.