老万场金矿石灰岩与红土矿体藓类植物生物量及吸水量比较研究

Comparison between biomass and water absorbing capacity of mosses on limestone and lateritic in Laowanchang Lateritic Gold Deposit

长期开采活动使得老万场金矿大量石灰岩出露于地表,区域生态环境严重退化。通过对老万场金矿石灰岩和红土矿体藓类植物优势种类生物量和饱和吸水量进行测定发现:石灰岩表面优势藓类土生对齿藓、小反纽藓、云南墙藓、硬叶对齿藓、芽孢银藓生物量分别高达859、364、292、228、215 g/m2,饱和吸水量分别高达1780、9170、1530、2980、2120 g/m2;红土矿体表面优势藓类土生对齿藓、硬叶小金发藓、硬叶对齿藓、梨蒴小毛藓、芽孢银藓生物量分别高达854、596、333、158、134 g/m2,饱和吸水量分别高达3070、10020、1440、1710、4130 g/m2。结果显示土生对齿藓在石灰岩和红土矿体表面都是主要的生产者,表现出极强的吸水能力。藓类饱和吸水量与生物量密切相关,生物量较大的藓类植物吸水能力相应较强。特别地,土生对齿藓对该矿区石漠化治理和红土矿体水土保持具有十分重要的现实意义。

Perennial and devastating mining has make a mass of limestone exposed to the earth surface and the environment degraded seriously on Laowanchang gold deposit . After analyzing the biomass and saturated water absorbing capacity of the dominant mosses which are collected from limestone and lateritic gold sites in Laowanchang gold deposit, we have come to the conolusion that, on limestone, Didymodon vinealis （Brid.） Zander, Timmiella diminuta （C. Muell. ） P. C. Chen, Tortula yunnanensis P. C. Chen, Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. and Anomobryum gemmigerum Broth. are dominant mosses, with a biomass of 859, 364, 292, 228, 215 g/m^2, respectively and their saturated absorbing water capacity are up to 1 780, 9 170, 1 530, 2 980, 2 120 g/m^2, respectively. On ateritic gold sites, Didymodon vinealis Com. , Pogonatum neesii Dozy , Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. , Microdus brasiliensis （Dub.） Ther. and Anomobryum gemmigerum Broth. are dominant mosses, with a biomass of 854, 596, 333, 158, 134 g/m^2, respectively and their saturated absorbing water capacity are up to 3 070, 10 020, 1 440, 1 710, 4 130 g/m^2, respectively. These results show that Didymodon vinealis （Brid.） Zander which owns the largest biomass is the mian preducer on limestone and lateritic gold sites and its saturated water absorbing capacity is very high, too. According to the analysis,it is found that the saturated water absorbing capacity is related to the biomass significantly, which means the mosses,having large biomass, are able to absorb large quantity of water. Especially, Didyrnodon vinealis are of important realistic significance function to the desertification control of limestone areas and the soil and water conservation in this mine.