猕猴桃组织培养及繁殖能力的研究

Research of Tissue Culture and Reproductive Capacity of Yang tao

以猕猴桃的顶芽作外植体进行离体培养，芽分化率最高为79．1％，其次是侧芽和茎段，两者的芽分化率分别可达45．8％和24．4％，叶片的芽分化率为0；以顶芽为外植体，在添加1．5mg／LBAP和0．2mg／LNAA，N素减半的改良MS培养基上进行芽分化和继代培养，芽分化率可达到97．7％，在继代培养中补充10mg／L的谷氨酸盐，可大大提高继代增殖系数β1，到第三次继代时，β1可达到127．5，而此时对照的β1；仅为12．7。以N素减半或N素及Fe盐减半的MS培养基作生根培养基，生根率均可达100％，比对照提高30％，平均根长分别比对照长4．2cm和7．1cm，开始生根时间分别比对照早3d和6d，在生根培养基上添加3％的活性碳可以进一步提高生根长度，缩短生根时间。研究认为繁殖系数ε是衡量一个外植体可繁殖成多少苗木的主要指标，本试验中ε＝101，即一个外植体可繁殖101探苗。

On the test of tissue culture,using shoot tips of yangtao as explant,the highest rate of shoot differentiation is 79.1 %,and the shoot differentiation rate of lateral shoot and stem are respectively 45. 8% and 24. 4%,and the shoot differentiation rate of blade is 0%,On the test of shoot differentiation and subculture using shoot tips as explant,and the improved MS culture medium by increasing 1. 5 mg/L BAP and 0. 2 mg/L NAA,and half decreasing N element,the rate of shoot differentiation can reach 97. 7%,It can obviously improve the coefficient β1, of subculture to add 10 mg/L glutamine on the test of subculture,when if comes to the third time of subculture, β1, can get to 127. 5, however the comparative 5, is only 12. 7. Taking MS culture medium on half decreasing of N element or N element and Fe salt as taking root culture medium,the rooting rate can get to 100%,which increases 30% than the comparison. The average root length are respectively 4. 2 cm and 7. 1 cm longer and the rooting time are respectively 3 days and 6 days earlier than the comparison.Adding 3% active carbon to rooting culture medium can further increase root length and shorten rooting time. The research holds that reproductive coefficient E is the main index to measure how many planting stock one explant can reproduce. It is ε= 101 on this test,which means that one explant can reproduce 101 planting stock.