不同家庭结构对儿童人格发展的影响

Influences of different family structure on children personality develpoment

目的探讨不同结构家庭环境下儿童人格发展及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法，应用家庭环境表对2773例3a～16a的儿童家长进行测查；应用儿童艾森克人格问卷对2425例小学四年级～初中三年级学生进行测查。结果单亲家庭的亲密度、成功性、道德宗教观因子分低于核心家庭与主干家庭（P〈0．01），而矛盾性得分高于主干家庭（P〈0．01）；核心家庭的情感表达、矛盾性得分高于主干家庭（P〈0．01）。结论主干家庭和核心家庭的儿童人格优于单亲家庭，主干家庭优于核心家庭；良好的家庭环境有利于培养儿童人格特征向健康方向发展。

Objective To explore children personality develpoment in home environmant of different structure and influencing factors. Methods Surveys were conducted with the Famile Environment Scale（FES） in 2773 parents of chidren aged 3-16 years using stratified random cluster sampling mehtod and with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） in 2425 students in grade 4-9. Results Cohesion, achievement orientation and moral-religious emphasis scores were lower in single parent family than nuclear and stem family（P〈0. 01） and conflict higher than stem family（P〈0. 01） ; expressiveness and conflict scores were higher in the nuclear than in the stem family（P〈0. 01）. Conclusion The child personality of the nuclear and stem family has an advantage over that of the single parent family, the stem over nuclear family; favourable home environmants are in favour of healthy development of children personality.