国外表土剥离实践及其特征

The Practice and Characteristics of Foreign Topsoil Stripping

在长期开发建设中,特别是随着环境保护意识不断增强,有关国家都非常重视表土剥离及其再利用,并形成了较为成熟的方法手段和体制制度。国外的表土剥离常见于矿产资源开发和各类建设活动中,也见于旨在提高土地质量和治理土壤污染的相关事业中。各国在表土剥离和再利用方面的研究和实践具有一定的个性特点,但也在许多方面呈现较为一致的特征:(1)成熟的管理体制强化了行政手段;(2)表土剥离的程序规范且要求严格;(3)表土剥离有健全完善的法律体系;(4)表土剥离经济手段的运用较娴熟;(5)表土剥离的技术成熟且不断创新;(6)表土剥离呈现市场化、社会化趋势;(7)表土剥离的生态化特征日益明显。

The paper mainly introduces some experiences for topsoil stripping in foreign countries that we can use for reference,these include: the mature management system has strengthened the administrative means;the procedure for topsoil stripping is not only standard but also strict in demands;topsoil stripping has a sound and comprehensive legal system;they have more skillful use of economic instruments;they have maturate technology and continuous innovation;topsoil stripping presents the trend of marketization and socialization;topsoil stripping of the ecological characteristics becomes increasingly apparent.