不同库容量类型籼稻品种根系性状的差异

Differences of Root Traits in Conventional Indica Rice Cultivars with Different Types of Sink-Potential

【目的】明确大库容量类型水稻品种根系性状的特征,为大库容量品种的根系遗传改良提供参考依据。【方法】在群体水培条件下,以国内、外不同年代育成的常规籼稻代表品种(2001年为88个、2002年为122个)为材料,测定干物重(包括根系)、根系性状和根系活性、产量及其构成因素等,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按库容量从低到高依次分为A、B、C、D、E、F6类,研究各类品种根系的基本特点。【结果】供试品种间库容量的差异很大(426%、817%)。A、B、C、D、E、F类品种的平均库容量,2001年分别为426.37、642.53、770.96、903.73、1064.32、1213.90g·m-2,2002年分别为359.36、574.11、764.98、962.43、1200.11、1455.59g·m-2;大库容量籼稻品种单位面积不定根数、不定根总长、根干重显著大于小库容量籼稻品种,但不同库容量类型品种间每条不定根性状、单位根重等根系性状差异不显著;多元回归分析表明,显著影响单位面积库容量的主要根系性状是单位面积不定根长、单位面积根干重、抽穗期冠根比和单位面积根系活性,决定系数为0.423～0.578。随着单位面积不定根长、单位面积根干重、抽穗期冠根比、单位面积根系活性的提高单位面积库容量显著增加。【结论】大库容量籼稻品种单位面积根系性状大于小库容量类型品种,单位面积不定根长、单位面积根干重、抽穗期冠根比、单位面积根系活性是显著影响单位面积库容量的主要根系性状。

Objective The goal of the research is to analyze the characteristics of root traits in conventional indica rice cultivars with large sink potential（SP）.Method 88 and 122 conventional indica rice cultivars were solution-cultured in 2001 and 2002,respectively.Dry matter weight（including root system,culm and sheath,leaves,panicle）,root traits,root physiological activity,yield and its components were measured.The tested rice cultivars were classified into 6 types（i.e.A,B,C,D,E and F,A was the lowest,and F was the highest） based on their SP level by the MinSSw method, to study their differences of root traits, root physiological activity. [Result] Difference of SP of the cultivars used in this study was very large, the averages SP of A, B, C, D, E, and F were 426.37, 642.53,770.96, 903.73, 1 064.32, 1 213.90 g.m^-2 in 2001, and 359.36, 574.11,764.98, 962.43, 1 200.11, 1 455.59 g.m^-2 in 2002, respectively. The number of adventitious roots per unit area, total length of adventitious roots per unit area and root dry weight per unit area in large SP type variety was higher than that in small SP type variety, no significant differences of traits per adventitious and per unit root dry weight between different SP type cultivars were observed. Polynomial regression analysis showed that SP level was significantly influenced the length of adventitious roots per unit area, root dry weight per unit area, ratio of shoot to root at heading stages, root activity per unit area, and the determinant coefficient ranged from 0.423-0.578. Large SP could be reached by increasing the length of adventitious roots per unit area, dry weight per unit area, ratio of shoot to root at heading stage, root activity per unit area. [Conclusion] Root traits per unit area in large SP type variety are higher than that in small SP type variety, larg SP could be reached by increasing the length of adventitious roots per unit area, root dry weight per unit area, ratio of shoot to root at heading stages, root activity per unit area.