西北旱区温室辣椒产量和品质对不同生育期灌溉调控的响应

Response of Yield and Quality of Hot Pepper in Greenhouse to Irrigation Control at Different Stages in Arid Northwest China

【目的】提出基于水分-品质响应温室作物合理的节水优质高效灌溉模式。【方法】以陇椒1号为试验材料,在日光温室内对温室辣椒苗期、开花坐果期和果实成熟期分别进行灌溉调控,研究不同处理辣椒产量、果实品质和水分利用效率对灌溉调控的响应。【结果】温室辣椒产量对果实成熟期的灌溉调控最为敏感,在此生育期不宜实施灌溉调控。开花坐果期和果实成熟期,辣椒果实的可溶性蛋白含量和干物质含量对灌溉调控的响应程度较低,而果实维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量和硬度对灌溉调控的响应程度较高。产量和品质与耗水量的关系可用对数函数来描述。【结论】通过灌溉调控将60cm土壤含水量在开花坐果期控制在45%～60%田间持水量(θf),在苗期和果实成熟期控制在80%～90%θf,在节水和保证较高产量的同时,可以显著提高辣椒维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量和硬度,是西北旱区温室辣椒可行的节水优质高效灌溉调控模式。

[Objective] The objective of this study is to bring forward a suitable water-saving efficient irrigation pattern for improving fruit quality based on the response of quality of greenhouse crops to water stress.[Method] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of yield,fruit quality and water use efficiency to different water stress treatments at seedling,flowering-fruit setting and fruit maturing stages of hot pepper（Capsicum annum L.cv.Lonjiao 1,a local hybrid variety）in greenhouse.[Result] The results showed that fruit maturing stage was the most sensitive stage to the yield thus severe water stress should not be applied at this stages. The soluble protein and dry mass of the fruit were not sensitive, but vitamin C, total soluble solid content aria hardness of the fruit were sensitive to water stress at flowering-fruit setting and fruit maturing stages. The mathematical expression that better fits the relation between the yield, fruit quality and evapotranspiration is logarithm function. [Conclusion] It suggested that soil water content should be controlled between 45% and 60% of field water capacity （Of） in depth of 60 cm at flowering-fruit setting stage and 80% to 90% Of at seedling and fruit maturing stages is a suitable water-saving efficient irrigation pattern for improving fruit quality, which can improve fruit vitamin C, total soluble solid content and hardness with higher yield but less water.