行间生草对赤霞珠葡萄与葡萄酒中主要单体酚的影响

Effect of Vineyard Cover Crop on Main Monomeric Phenols of Grape Berry and Wine in Vitis viniferal L.cv.Cabernet Sauvignon

【目的】研究葡萄园行间生草对葡萄果实与葡萄酒中主要单体酚含量的影响。【方法】在酿酒品种赤霞珠葡萄园行间播种白三叶草、紫花苜蓿和高羊茅,以清耕为对照,在果实成熟期及酒精发酵结束后,采用有机溶剂萃取、HPLC定性与定量分析各处理葡萄与葡萄酒中的主要单体酚含量。【结果】在赤霞珠葡萄果实与葡萄酒中共检测出10种单体酚,包括非类黄酮和类黄酮类,葡萄与葡萄酒中类黄酮类多酚的总含量(409.43～538.63mg·kg-1和56.16～81.30mg·L-1)高于非类黄酮(76.91～98.85mg·kg-1和30.65～41.22mg·L-1)。在类黄酮中,黄烷醇类儿茶素含量及所占比例最高,葡萄果实及葡萄酒中儿茶素的含量分别占所测单体酚总含量的74.94%～79.70%和48.60%～50.62%。与清耕(对照)相比,行间生草可提高葡萄果实与葡萄酒中主要单体酚的含量及其总量,其中高羊茅和白三叶草处理葡萄果实中安息香酸、水杨酸、咖啡酸、儿茶素含量及单体酚总含量与清耕(对照)之间差异达显著或极显著水平;同时高羊茅处理使葡萄酒中没食子酸、咖啡酸、儿茶素等含量显著升高,在葡萄果实与葡萄酒中各处理单体酚总含量由高到低均为高羊茅>白三叶草>紫花苜蓿>清耕(对照)。【结论】行间生草可提高葡萄与葡萄酒中多酚化合物的含量,从而提高葡萄酒的质量。

Objective This study was conducted to determine the effect of cover crop inter-row in vineyard on main mono-phenol content of grape berry and wine.Method Three such cover crops,two perennial legumes（white clover and alfalfa）and a perennial gramineous grass（tall fescue）were sown in vineyard.The main phenolic compounds of mature grape berry and wines vinified under the same conditions were extracted with ethyl acetate and trichloromethane and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）and compared with that in soil tillage. [ Result ] A total of 10 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the different grape berry and wines, including nonflavonoids （hydroxybenzoic and hydroxyciunamic acids） and flavonoids （flavanols and flavonols）. The concentration of flavonoid compounds （409.43 to 538.63 mg.kg^-1 and 56.16 to 81.30 mg.L^-1） was higher than nonflavonoids （76.91 to 98.85 mg.kgl and 30.65 to 41.22 mg.L^-1） for Cabernet Sauvignon grape and wine in different treatments. In the flavonoid phenolics, catechin was the most abundant in different grapes and wines, accounting for 74.94% to 79.70% and 48.60% to 50.62% of total nonanthocyanin phenolics quantified, respectively. Compared to soil tillage, the sward treatments showed a higher content of main mono-phenol and total nonanthocyanin phenolics in grapes and wines. There were significant differences between two cover crop treatments （tall rescue, white clover） and soil tillage in the content of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, catechin and total phenolics in grape berry （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The wine from tall rescue cover crop had the highest gallic acid, caffeic acid and catechin. Cover crop system increased the total nonanthocyanin phenolics of grapes and wines in order of the four treatments： tall fescue, white clover, alfalfa and soil tillage （control）. [Conclusion] Cover crop in vineyard increased total phenols of grape berry and wine, thus improved the quality of wine evidently.