22份国产玫瑰资源的自交亲和性

Self-Compatibility of 22 Rosa rugosa Thunb.Resources in China

【目的】探明玫瑰(Rosa rugosa Thunb.)自交亲和性状况,为玫瑰及以玫瑰为母本的月季、蔷薇等重要蔷薇属观赏植物的杂交育种技术提供理论依据。【方法】采用统计分析田间坐果率及平均种子数与荧光显微观察花粉管生长状况相结合的方法。【结果】(1)所有试验材料开花当天及开花前4d的自交坐果率均为零,且花粉管只能伸长到花柱上部1/3处;(2)蕾期授粉能够一定程度地提高玫瑰的自交亲和性,其中开花前2d授粉效果最好;(3)蕾期自交坐果率及平均种子数与其自由授粉坐果率及平均种子数显著正相关。【结论】(1)玫瑰普遍具有配子体型完全自交不亲和性;(2)蕾期授粉可提高玫瑰自交亲和性,但效果因授粉时期不同和品种不同有较大差异。

Objective The aim of this experiment is to reveal the self-compatibility of Rosa rugosa Thunb.It is meaningful to improve the theory and techniques of breeding ornamental plant in Rosa especially when Rosa rugosa Thunb.used as maternal parent.MethodAnalysis of the rate of fertile fruits and average seed number combined with fluorescent microscope observation of pollen tubes was employed in this study.Result No fruit was produced and the pollen tubes were arrested at the upper one third of the styles when all the plant materials were self-pollinated on anthesis and 4 days before anthesis. The self-compatibility of Rosa rugosa Thunb. could be improved when they were pollinated before anthesis, and the effect of self-pollination on 2 days before anthesis was the best. For the rate of fertile fruit and average seed number of Rosa rugosa Thunb., significant and positive relationship was found between self-pollination in bud period and open pollination. [Conclusion] Rosa rugosa Thunb. is completely gametophytic self-incompatible. The self-compatibility of Rosa rugosa Thunb. can be improved by pollination in bud period, but the effect varies with the change of pollination periods and cultivars.