无盐浸酸及助剂的研究

Studies on Salt Free Pickling and Auxiliary Agent

本文从裸皮在酸性条件下的膨胀原理出发，研制浸酸助剂，使裸皮在酸性条件下不膨胀而达到无盐浸酸的目的。试验研究发现，浸酸助剂可包括两个组分：一是用于封闭氨基、抑制酸膨胀：另一组分是助渗剂，以保证前者渗透均匀、深入，避免在表面收敛过强。根据试验确定了两组分的比例，结果表明，使用２５％～２７％的浸酸助剂（以碱皮重计），不仅可以免去食盐的使用，而且可以较好的分散纤维，同时增加铬的吸收，减少中性盐及铬的排放。使用浸酸助剂不改变常规工艺，制造的蓝湿革皮也不改变铬鞣革的特征。

According to the mechanism of pelt's swelling in acid medium, a new pickling auxiliary agent is developed that can repress pelt swelling in pickling without salt.The product includes two components:one can inactive amino, the other is penetrating assistant agent, to help the former penetrate into pelt deeply and evenly, avoiding highly astringency on the grain. The two components are mixed in proper proportion. The applying trials show that 2.5～2.7 per cent of the pickling auxiliary agent(based on limed pelt)can repress acid swelling in pickling without salt, open up fibers properly, increase chrome's absorbing and decrease salts and the chrome's discharge.The process in which the product is used is normal. The chrome-tanned leather from the pickling without salt has no distinguish with that from the normal pickling. Its physical mechanical characters come up to national standards. No changes take place between the leather from salt free pickling and that from normal pickling. The product is cheap. It will produce great social and economic benefit.