输入性医学媒介生物监测及病原体分离研究

Surveillance and Insolation of Introduced Medical Vectors and Pathogens

〔目的〕了解入境国际航行船舶携带输入性医学媒介生物及病原体的情况。〔方法〕在检疫锚地对来自国外的入境国际航行船舶携带的输入性医学媒介生物,包括鼠类、蚊类、蝇类、蠓类、蚋类和蜚蠊类等进行采集并进行计数和分类鉴定,对携带输入性蚊蝇在入境船舶上的栖息场所的微小气候因素进行测定分析,对输入性蚊类携带的虫媒病毒进行分离鉴定。〔结果〕2000—2006年共调查5400余艘次入境国际航行船舶,来源地涉及亚洲、非洲、欧洲、南美洲、北美洲、大洋洲的35个国家和地区;已鉴定确认的输入性医学媒介生物6类95种,其中鼠类2种,蚊类22种,蝇类51种,吸血蠓类12种,蚋类5种,蜚蠊类3种。并采获5个新种,7个中国新记录种。上述蠓种和蚋种均为国内首次发现。输入性蚊蝇与入境船舶上的微小气候因素有密切关系。在来自亚洲、北美洲、南美洲及大洋洲的6个国家的15艘次入境国际航行船舶携带的935只输入性蚊类体内分离出13株虫媒病毒,其中乙脑病毒8株,甲病毒属病毒5株。〔结论〕调查证明了入境国际航行船舶携带输入性医学媒介生物及病原体的情况相当严重,对此应给予高度关注。

Objective To understand the situations of introduced medical vectors and pathogens isolated from entry international vessels. Method The introduced medical vectors including rodents, mosquitoes, flies, midges, blackflies and cockroaches on entry vessels at quarantine anchorage of Qinhuangdao port were collected and classified. The microclimate factors, including temperature, relative humidity and wind speeds, of the places which introduced mosquitoes and flies dwelled on entry vessels were also measured and analyzed. The arboviruses which carried by introduced mosquitoes were isolated and identified in lab. Result More than 5 400 entry vessels were checked from 2000 to 2006, which came from 35 different countries and six continents regions. A total of 95 species of introduced medical vectors had been identified, including 2 species of rodent, 22 species of mosquito, 51 species of fly, 12 species of biting midge, 5 species of blackfly and 3 species of cockroach. 5 new species and 7 new records of Chinese were identified from these speciesmens. The introduced mosquitoes and flies were correlated closely with the microclimate factors of the places where they dwelled on entry vessels, especially with the temperatures and relative humility. 13 strains of arboviruses, including 8 strains of JBE virus and 5 strains of Alphavirus, were isolated from 935 introduced mosquitoes collected on 15 entry vessels which came from 6 countries of Asia, Northern America, Southern America and Oceania. Conclusion There is a high risk of introduced medical vectors and pathogens carried on entry international vessels, therefore, more attention should be paid on prevention and control.