试论梅曾亮的诗学思想——“八蔽”说

Research on Mei Zengliang's Poetry Theory of "Ba-bi"

从梅曾亮诗集自序中提出的"八蔽"说出发,来论述其诗学思想。梅曾亮的诗学思想,其核心是真实,写景状物要真,思想感情要真,评品作家作品要真,这是他超越桐城派的地方,因为桐城派中人从来没有如此突出地强调文学的真实性问题。其次,是强调真实地反映现实,干预现实,要有用,要有讽喻教化作用。这一思想也超越了清代前期的诗学思想,清代前期的四大诗歌流派——王士祯的"神韵"说、沈德潜的"格调"说、翁方纲的"肌理"说、袁枚的"性灵"说,大多从艺术上论诗,都没有如此突出地强调诗歌的真实性,现实性,这可能与梅曾亮所处的嘉、道时期十分尖锐的民族矛盾、阶级矛盾不无关系。再次,是强调艺术规律,如文学创作中的灵感问题,内容与形式的有机统一问题、体势问题。最后是作家的修养问题等。

On the preface of his poetry anthology Mei Zengliang proposed his poetry theory of ＂Ba-bi＂. First,the core of Mei＇s poetry theory was authentic. It required that describing and flaking be true,minds and emotions be true,and judging writers and works be real. Before him,nobody of Tongcheng School had highlighted the importance of literary authenticity. Second, Mei emphasized that works should reflect the reality and intervention in reality. In the early Qing Dynasty,there were four famous Poem Schools： Wang Shizheng＇s thoughts of charming,Shen Deqian＇s thoughts of style, Weng Fanggang＇s thoughts of skin-texture, and Yuanmei＇s thoughts of spirit. All of them paid more attention to the poetic artistry. Third, Mei emphasized poetry art law, such as the inspiration for literary creation, the unity of content and form. Finally, Mei discussed writer＇s self-cultivation.