机会成本法在确定生态补偿标准中的应用——以海南中部山区为例

Application of opportunity-cost method in determining ecological compensation standard:a case study in the central mountainous area of Hainan Island

合理的确定生态补偿标准是构建生态补偿机制的关键和难点。以海南中部山区为例,在遥感解译、问卷调查以及模型模拟的基础上,计算了贴现橡胶和槟榔经营现金流,以土地权属为载体,应用机会成本法确定了海南中部山区进行森林保护的机会成本(2.37×108元/年);探讨了时间因子和风险因子对机会成本的影响:时间因子对机会成本的影响主要体现于贴现率和不同时期的现金流上,风险的存在降低了机会成本。土地权属结合机会成本估算,是确定区域生态补偿的有效方法,考虑时间因子和风险因子的影响将使生态补偿标准的估算更为合理和科学。

How to determine ecological compensation standard is one of the main difficulties during designing the ecological compensation scheme. Taking the central mountainous area of Hainan Island as a case study, we calculate the cash flows of rubber and betel based on remote sensing interpretation, survey and interview. And the opportunity cost of ecological forest protection was determined （2.37×10^8 Yuan RMB/year） in the central mountainous area, which was considered the ecological compensation standard. Moreover, the impacts of time factor and risk factor have on opportunity cost were discussed： time factor could be divided into discount rate and cash flow in different periods, risk could reduce the opportunity cost. The results suggest that to combine opportunity cost calculation with farmland ownership is a suitable method to determine the ecological compensation standard, and considering the impacts of time factor and risk factor will make the estimation of ecological compensation standard more reasonable.