基于GIS支持下的土地资源空间格局生态优化

GIS-based ecological optimization of spatial patterns of land resources

以防治水土流失和维护景观整体生态优化为目标,选择我国滇西南地区亚热带山地为典型案例,利用遥感数据和GIS的空间信息处理技术,采用适宜性评价与土地资源利用格局整体优化相结合的方法,用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)确定土地利用的功能分区和生态格局组分,探讨山地土地资源空间格局生态优化途径。结果表明:(1)基于GIS空间分析技术和"成本距离加权"制图分析工具,采用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)的土地资源空间格局生态优化方法是可行的;(2)将水平生态过程作为一种对景观的控制过程来对待,以常绿阔叶林和思茅松林为保护源,基于最小累积阻力面(MCR)模型,构建了对土地资源整体生态功能起维护作用,对源内物种的迁移或扩散过程具有关键作用的廊道、辐射道和战略点等生态格局组分;(3)基于MCR阻力值建立的频率序列及拐点图,拐点两侧的土地利用类型异质性较大,可以作为划分土地功能分区的临界点,以此划分出有利于生态安全的核心源保护区、生态缓冲区、生态过渡区、生态边缘区、农业耕作区和居民生活区等6类土地功能区,并提出各功能区的管理措施。

With the purpose of preventing or controlling erosion by water and maintaining quality of landscape, this paper takes the subtropical mountainous region in Yunnan southwest China as a typical case. It utilizes the data of RS and the spatial information processing technology of GIS, Combining suitability evaluation with the overall optimization of land use pattern, the model of minimum cumulative resistance （MCR） is applied to ascertain the function zoning and ecological pattern components of land use, to develop approaches to the ecological optimization of the spatial pattern of land resources in the mountainous region. The results are as follows ： （ 1 ） It is feasible to adopt MCR to optimize spatial patterns of land resources on the basis of spatial analysis technology and the drawing analysis tools of ＂cost-distance weight＂ ; （ 2 ） The horizontal ecological process way act as a control on landscape, with the evergreen broad-leaved forests and Pinus khasya forests in this region as the protected source. MCR way be used to construct the ecological pattern components of corridors, radiation roads, and strategic points. These components not only work to maintain the ecological functioning of land resources, but also play a crucial role in the migration and proliferation of the native animal species. （3） A map showing the frequency sequence and inflection points are constructed according to the MCR resistance value. The heterogeneity of land use types is greater on either side of the inflection point, which can serve as a basis for zoning of land function. By this means, six functional areas of land, which are beneficial to ecological stability, are laid out, namely the core source protected area,eco-buffer area,eco-transition zone,eco-fringe zone,farming area and residential area. Management measures for each functional area are put forward.