儒家的伦理豁免:为永恒奠基的制度

Confucian Immunity for Ethic:Laying the Foundation of Immortality

如何超越死亡,达致永恒?儒家力主、力行最大限度地敦睦伦理,以期圆满伦理,贯通和绵延伦理之河。为此要求有起码保证,使正式制度、非正式制度和伦理间关系融洽,良性互动。其要件之一是伦理豁免:当伦理、法律关系因交集而陷入两难,主体在履行伦理义务、法律义务间陷入两难之际,法律规定,主体有权利适度免除其部分法律义务,圆满履行其伦理义务;被免除的、对他人和国家社会的那部分法律义务则或由该主体推后履行,或由国家社会交由其他主体履行,由此在伦理、法律之间解决两难,达到两全。伦理是永恒的,伦理豁免从制度上保证伦理臻于圆满、贯通和绵延,就从社会结构、个人美德两方面为永恒奠基。

How to overcome death and pursue immortality has always been a major issue of human life. The answer to this question varies among different cultures. Confucian call advocate the consummation of realistic ethic. It requires the whole country and society to adapt social system in order to create a proper environment of ethical consummation. One of its essential factor is immunity for ethic： when a certain subject is in a dilemma of whether to fulfill ethical obligation or legal obligation, the legal system should reduce or even exempt such subject＇s legal obligation, to make sure such subject could fulfill its ethical obligation; Such subject＇s legal obligation will be carried out by the country, society or other subjects; This could solve the dilemma between ethic and law and ensure the consummation of ethic. Ethic is immortal, immunity for ethic helps the consumma- tion of ethic, therefore lays a foundation of immortality on social structure and goodness nature.