广东梅州地区传统客家民居建筑地理观

Geographical Views of the Traditional Hakka Residential Architecture in Meizhou, Guangdong Province

在野外实地考察基础上分析了梅州地区传统客家民居建筑的传统风格、实用价值和建筑工艺特色。实证应用分析研究表明,梅州客家传统民居建筑与当时的社会历史背景、区域自然环境因素之间存在着密切关系;客家民居建筑渗透出尊重自然,与自然环境融为一体的生态环境理念,具体表现为选址上做到因地取舍与回归自然相统一,布局上讲究座北朝南与中轴对称相结合,建筑上注重实用舒适与环境氛围相融合;不合理削坡建房常常诱发崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害,成为地质灾害发生的最大潜在因子;梅州传统客家民居建筑的生态环境理念对现代民居建筑仍然具有借鉴与启示作用。

Based on a field survey, the styles, practical values and architecture characteristics of traditional hakka residential buildings in Meizhou are analyzed. There is an original relationship between traditional hakka residential architecture and the social histories and the regional natural environments at that time. The traditional hakka residential architecture in Meizhou is established on Nature worship, and keep in harmony with natural environments. For examples, the locations of bildings are in line with local conditions; the layouts and styles are usually based on the rule of south exposure and central axis symmetry; the structures lay stress on functions and comfort and harmony with local environments. Unreasonable artificial alteration, for example, cutting slope and building house under the slope are usually triggers landslides, collapses and other geological disasters, and it has become the most dangerous and latent factor to the geological disasters. The ecological environment idea of the traditional hakka residential architecture in Meizhou region has still certain referential significance for modem residential architecture.