中国部分地方鸡种肌肉组织学特点及其肉品质的比较研究

COMPARISON ON HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE AND MUSCLE QUALITY IN CHINESE NATIVE CHICKENS

对我国肖山鸡、白耳鸡、狼山鸡、乌骨鸡、油鸡、白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）、肖山鸡（♂）×白耳鸡（♀）７个地方鸡种胸肌、腿肌组织学和胸肌肉品质进行了研究。结果表明：（１）腿肌肌纤维密度由高到低依次为乌骨鸡、油鸡、白耳鸡、白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）、肖山鸡（♂）×白耳鸡（♀）、肖山鸡、狼山鸡，其中乌骨鸡与其它鸡种间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），其它鸡种间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；胸肌肌纤维密度由高到低依次为乌骨鸡、白耳鸡、油鸡、狼山鸡、肖山鸡（♂）×白耳鸡（♀）、白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）、肖山鸡，其中乌骨鸡与肖山鸡、肖山鸡（♂）×白耳鸡（♀）、白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；７个鸡种胸肌肌纤维密度均极易著地高于腿肌肌纤维密度（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）腿肌肌纤维直径由细到粗依次为乌骨鸡、油鸡、白耳鸡、肖山鸡（♂）×白耳鸡（♀）、白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）、肖山鸡、狼山鸡，其中狼山鸡与肖山鸡腿肌肌纤维直径差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），与其它鸡种间有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；胸肌肌纤维直径由细到粗的顺序跟腿肌肌纤维直径相同，其中肖山鸡、狼山鸡、白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）、肖山鸡（♂）×白耳鸡（♀）与乌?

Histology of breast and thigh muscle and muscle quality of breast in Chinese native chickens are studied. The results show: (1) The order of density of thigh muscle fiber from high to low is Silkies, Beijing fatty chickens, White earlobes chickens, White earlobes chickens(♂)×Xiaoshan chickens(♀), Xiaoshan chickens(♂)×White earlobes chickens(♀), Xiaoshan chickens, Langshan chickens, of them, density of thigh muscle fiber in silkies is significantly higher than one of others chickens ( P <0 05); The order of density of breast muscle fiber from hight to low is Silkies, White earlobes chickens, Beijing fatty chickens, Langshan chickens, Xiaoshan chickens(♂)×White earlobes chickens(♀), White earlobes chickens(♂)×Xiaoshan chickens(♀), Xiaoshan chickens, of them, density of breast muscle fiber in Silkies is significantly higher than the one in Xiaoshan chickens, Xiaoshan chickens(♂)×White earlobes chickens(♀), White earlobes chickens(♂)×Xiaoshan chickens(♀) ( P <0 05); Density of breast muscle fiber is higher than density of thigh muscle fiber in the same chickens, there are significant differences in seven native chickens ( P <0 01); (2) The order of diameter of thigh muscle fiber from thin to thick is Silkies, Beijing fatty chickens, White earlobes chickens, Xiaoshan chickens(♂)×White earlobes chickens(♀), White earlobes chickens(♂)×Xiaoshan chickens(♀), Xiaoshan chickens, Langshan chickens, diameter of thigh muscle fiber in Xiaoshan chickens, Langshan chickens is significantly thicker than one of others chickens ( P <0 05), there is no signifigczcant difference between Xiaoshan chickens′ and Langshan chickens′; The order of diameter of breast muscle fiber from thin to thick is the same as the order of diameter of thigh muscle fiber, the diameter of breast muscle fiber in Xiaoshan chickens, Langshan chickens, White earlobes chickens(♂)×Xiaoshan chickens(♀), Xiaoshan chickens(♂)×White earlobes chickens(♀) is significantly thicker than one of Silkies, White earlobes chickens, Beijing fatty chickens ( P <0 05); diameter of thigh muscle fiber is significantly thicker than diameter of breast muscle fiber in seven native chickens ( P <0 01); (3) There is a significant negative correlation between density and diameter in thigh muscle fiber and in breast muscle fiber; (4) Tender ness of breast muscle in Silkies and Beijing fatty chickens is the best, one of Langshan chickens is the worst, tenderness of breast muscle in Silkies and Beijing fatty chickens is significantly better than one of Xiaoshan chickens and Langshan chickens ( P <0 05); There are no significant differences of water holding capacity and water loss rate of breast muscle in seven native chickens ( P >0 05); the order of meat color of breast muscle from high to low is Silkies, Langshan chickens, Beijing fatty chickens, Xiaoshan chickens, White earlobes chickens(♂)×Xiaoshan chickens(♀), Xiaoshan chickens(♂)×White earlobes chickens(♀), White earlobes chickens meat color of breast muscle in Silkies, Langshan chickens is significantly higher than one of others chickens ( P <0 05), there is no significant difference of meat color of breast muscle between silkies and Langshan chickens; (5) There is more correlation between density of breat muscle fiber and meat color of breast muscle, so is there between diameter of breast muscle fiber and meat color of breast muscle, the more density of breast muscle fiber is higher, the more diameter of breast muscle fiber is smaller, the more tenderness of breast muscle is better.