中美养老保险制度公平与效率的比较

Comparing the fairness and efficiency of the pension insurance systems of China and the United States

中美两国养老保险制度的确立大致相差20年的时间,但在其各自的发展演变中却形成了不同的特点。美国建立了比较符合本国实际的养老保险制度,即具有完善的法律制度作保证,覆盖面广且具有多层次,强调国家、单位和个人三方面的责任,社会化和市场化程度较高,较好地协调了公平与效率。以上几方面对完善中国养老保险制度具有一定的借鉴意义。

The pension insurance system of the United States was established twenty years earlier than China. In the processes of evolution, each country has developed a pension insurance system with different characteristics. The United States has formed a pension insurance system suitable to its special situations. The American pension system has a sound legal system as its guarantee, offers extensive and multi-tiered coverage, and emphasizes the obligations of the government, employers and individuals. It also has a higher degree of social and market-orientation and can better coordinate fairness and efficiency. All of these characteristics are valuable experiences for us to enhance the pension insurance system of China.