儿童单纯远视散光的轴向分布与弱视发生率的分析

The analysis of children's simple hyperopic astigmatic axial distribution and asthenopic incidence

目的探讨儿童单纯远视散光的轴向分布与弱视的关系。方法对我院视光中心门诊4—10岁视力低常儿童单纯远视散光患者139例277眼按散光轴向分类，统计各组弱视的发生率，并使用RXC表，检验。结果277眼中，逆规散光组197眼，占总数的71.1％，其中弱视147眼，占本组病例的74．6％；顺规散光组50眼，占总数的18．1％，其中弱视16眼，占本组病例的32％；斜轴散光组30眼，占总数的10．8％，其中弱视11眼，占本组病例的36．7％。三组中以逆规散光组的弱视发生率最高，与其他两组差异有统计学极显著意义（P〈0．01）。结论在单纯远视散光中逆规散光所占比例最高，该组弱视的发生率也最高。提示在儿童的视力保健工作中，需要特别注意逆规散光对儿童弱视的危害。

Objective To Investigate the relationship of children＇ s simple hyperopic astigmatic axial distribution and amblyopia. Methods Two hundred and seventy-seven eyes of 139 children aged 4 to 10 years with poorsight and simple hyperopic astigmatism in the clinic of our visual science and optometry center,were classfied axially. The asthenopic incidence in each group were statistically analyzed by R × C table with squared algorithm. Results Among 277 eyes, there were 197 eyes in the group of astigmatism against rule,accounted for 71.1 percent of the total number, 147 eyes were asthenopia, accounted for 74. 6 percent of this group＇ s cases; 50 eyes were in the group of astigmatism with rule, accounted for for 18. 1 percent of the total number, 16 eyes were asthenopia, accounted for 32 percent of this group＇ s cases; 30 eyes were in the group of oblique astigmatism, accounted for 10. 8 percent of the total number, 11 eyes were asthenopia, accounted for 36.7 percent of this group＇ s cases. The highest incidence rate of asthenopia was in the group of astigmatism against rule among the three groups,compared with the other two groups, the difference had statistic significance （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion In simple hyperopic astigmatism, astigmatism against rule has the highest incidence rate, and a highest incidence rate of asthenopia occurs also in this group. Prompting children＇ s vision care should notice the hazard to asthenopia by astigmatism against rule.