河北省小麦品种基于农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Bread Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars in Hebei Province based on Agronomic Traits

为明确河北省小麦品种遗传多样性的基础和历史演变,本研究以所收集的该省近60年来审(认)定的125个小麦品种为研究材料,以8个农艺性状为基础进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:河北省小麦品种农艺性状变异比较丰富,以每穗不孕小穗数的变异系数最高(52.63%),其次为单株粒重和有效分蘖数,每穗小穗数的变异最小;多样性指数从20世纪70年代的1.62增加到目前的1.89,平均值为1.76,但略低于其他省份。在上述分析基础上,用最长距离法可将125份材料聚为3大类,其中80.8%(101个)的品种归入第3大类,主要为20世纪90年代以后的品种。这说明该省小麦品种遗传多样性在逐步提高的同时,其遗传基础仍需进一步拓宽。

Analysis of genetic diversity changes in cultivated crops plays an important role in plant breeding. To understand the genetic diversity and its historical changes of bread wheat cultivars released in Hebei province, genetic diversity of a total of 125 wheat cultivars which were registered in Hebei province from 1956 to 2007 was analyzed based on eight agronomic traits. The results showed that among the eight agronomic traits tested, number of sterile spikelets had the largest variation with a coefficient of variance （CV） of 52. 63% while number of spikelets per ear had the smallest variation with CV of 7.71%. Genetic diversity index （H＇） increased from 1.62 in 1970s to 1.89 in years between 2001and 2007, with an average value of 1.76, which was slightly less than that of other provinces in China. Based on longest distance （Euclidean distance） method, all the cultivars could be clustered into 3 major groups, of which the third group contained 101 cuhivars, most of which were released from 1990 to 2000 and accounts for 80.8% of all accessions tested, indicating that though the diversity of wheat had been improved in recent years, a narrow genetic basis was observed in wheat cultivars studied. The importance to broaden the genetic basis for further breeding need to be discussed.