巨蛎属牡蛎遗传多样性研究

STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERSITY IN OYSTERS,CRASSOSTREA

用ＲＡＰＤ方法获得的几种牡蛎间的遗传距离表明，我国北方海域确实存在大连湾牡蛎（Ｃｒａｓｏｓｔｒｅａｔａｌｉｅｎｗｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ），褶牡蛎（Ｃｒａｓｏｓｔｒｅａｐｌｉｃａｔｕｌａ）和近江牡蛎（Ｃｒａｓｏｓｔｒｅａｒｉｖｕｌａｒｉｓ）三种自然种。它们同属巨蛎属（Ｃｒａｓｏｓｔｒｅａ）。大连湾牡蛎、褶牡蛎和太平洋牡蛎（Ｃｒａｓｏｓｔｒｅａｇｉｇａｓ）互为姊妹种，近江牡蛎与它们互为非姊妹种。有无长牡蛎以及长牡蛎与上述三种牡蛎的关系有待进一步研究。同时也证实传统的分类方法对于形态特征典型的个体是能够进行准确区分的。

The genetic distances made by RAPD technique on oysters demonstrated that there are actually three natural species, C.talienwhanensis,C.plicatula and C.rivularis, in northern sea waters of China. They all belong to the same genus, Crassostrea. C.talienwhanensis,C. plicatula and C.gigas are sibling species, but they are non sibling species with C. rivularis. The result also proved that those individuals with typical characters of morphology could be distinguished by the method of traditional classification.