长江中华鲟超声波遥测技术

TECHNIQUE OF ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY FOR CHINESE STURGEON, ACIPENSER SINENSIS, IN YANGTZE RIVER

利用美国Ｓｏｎｏｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ公司的超声波发射器、接收仪和水下听筒装配的一套超声波遥测定位系统，在长江宜昌江段对中华鲟进行遥测试验，方法可靠，在葛州坝下江段其探测半径约达１５００米。借助特制快艇和ＧＰＳ，采用三角定位法，可较准确地定位中华鲟行踪。超声波发射器的特定声波编码，可将不同标志个体区别开。本试验１９９５和１９９６年标志了１５尾即将参加自然繁殖的中华鲟。其中１９９６年标志１０尾，全部进行了定位追踪，记录了各尾鲟在产前、产卵和产后的行踪，各尾鱼持续定位６～４８天，平均１９．８天，总定位次数达５７３次。该方法也适用于其它的江河和其它鱼类和水生动物迁移规律、产卵场定位和产卵条件等研究。

The ultrasonic telemetry system consisted of a sonic receiver, a hydrophone and sonic transmitters (tags), all of which were made by Sonotronics, Inc., USA. Ultrasonic tags (two types: 78kHz and 40kHz) were tested in the Yichang reach below Gezhouba Dam and found that the sonic signal could be detected an estimated 1500m range. The receiver hydrophone system was mounted on a glassfiber boat (6.3 meter long, 63.4 kW outboard motor), using triangulation, enabled accurate locating of fish with GPS assistance. Tagged individuals could be identified by the signals from the sonic coded tags. 15 of final sexual mature sturgeon were tagged below Gezhouba Dam at the Yichang reach of Yangtze River in October 1995 and 1996. The scanned area was from the dam to the reach at Yidu City, covering about 50 km in length. All of 10 fish tagged were located in 1996, and monitored their movements of each fish during their pre spawning, post spawning and spawning. The reach was surveyed 4 times each day. 10 of the tagged fish were located totally 573 times. Each of them was successively located for 6～48 days respectively, averaging 19.8 days. The telemetry technique used in Yangtze River could be used to studies on migration, locating breeding sites and spawning requirements of other fishes or aquatic animals in the Yangtze and other rivers.