岩溶隧道涌水量预测方法及适宜性分析

Methods for Forecasting Water Inflow and Their Suitability Analysis in Karst Tunnel

从岩溶地下水的赋存和运移特征出发,结合隧道工程地质勘察的特点,分析了岩溶隧道涌水量预测的研究现状以及目前常用隧道涌水量预测方法的特点及其适用条件,指出:基于达西公式的地下水动力学方法,包括解析法、数值法和部分经验公式法,不适合以岩溶管道和暗河为特征的隧道的涌水量预测;目前岩溶隧道涌水量预测应该以水均衡法为主,通过加强隧道区地下水动态监测,特别是暴雨过程地下水动态的监测,以进一步提高隧道涌水量的预测精度;此外,还应探索分析各种新理论、新方法在岩溶隧道涌水量预测中的应用。

According to the occurrence and transport characteristics of karst water and in combination with the features of engineering investigation, this paper analyzes the research actuality of the forecast of water inflow in karst tunnel, together with the characteristics and suitability of the normal methods. The paper especially points out that the groundwater dynamics methods （including analytic method, numerical meth- od and some empirical formula methods） which are based on the Darcy formula disagree with the forecast of water inflow in the tunnel which is catachrestic of karst tube and underground river. At present, the forecast of water inflow in karst tunnel should take the water balance method as the core. Strengthening the observation of groundwater region, especially the observation of the rainstorm process, can improve the forecasting accuracy of water inflow in the tunnel. In addition, new kinds of theories and methods should be searched and analyzed for their application to the forecast of water inflow in karst tunnel.