枸杞不育系与可育系花药发育的细胞学研究

Cytological Investigation on Anther Development of a Male Sterile and Fertile Line in Lycium barbarum L.

采用半薄和超薄切片技术,对枸杞不育系与可育系花药发育特征进行了系统的比较和观察.结果表明,不育系枸杞小孢子和药壁组织在四分体刚形成及之前的各个时期发育正常;四分体形成之后,四分孢子的胞质首先变稀薄,出现液泡化,随后液泡化加剧,四分孢子的细胞质、细胞核、细胞壁和残余的胼胝质壁依次先后收缩、解体,四分体严重变形,最后完全消失;在四分体败育过程中,绒毡层细胞也剧烈液泡化,并且细胞质、细胞核和细胞壁先后于原位解体;四分体败育及解体过程均发生在胼胝质壁中.据此推断,不育系绒毡层细胞的提前解体是导致其四分体解体的原因.

Using semi-thin and ultrathin slicing technique, the anther＇s development of a male sterile and fertile line of Lycium barbarum L. was observed. The results showed that the spores and anther development of the male sterile line was normal before tetrads formed. After the tetrads formed, the spores began aborting. When the tetrad started to abort, the cytoplasm of its spores became less dense and vacuolated. Afterwards, their cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall and residual callose wall shrunk and disintegrated. And during degradation the tetrads deformed seriously. Finally the tetrads disappeared. At the same time, the tapetal cells vacuolated firstly and its cytoplasm and nucleus and cell wall were disintegrated in situ. The whole process of tetrad disintegration was within the callose wall. Therefore, it is inferred that premature disintegration of the tapetal cells led to the delayed degradation of callose wall which led to the disintegration of spores in tetrads because nutrition was blocked.