某电解铝企业综合车间噪声暴露作业人员连续3年听力损伤调查

Consecative 3 Years Investigation on Hearing Loss Among Workers in Noise Exposure Workshop of An Electrolytic Aluminum Enterprise

目的了解某电解铝企业综合车间噪声作业人员听力损伤的特点,为控制和消除职业性听力损伤的发生提供依据。方法对某电解铝企业综合车间的56个噪声作业点现场噪声强度进行检测,根据作业人员作业性质和暴露时间计算其8h等效连续A声级(LAeq,8h),并结合该车间103名噪声暴露作业人员连续3年职业健康体检结果,分析其噪声特性和双耳纯音听力损伤的特点。结果103名噪声作业人员按工作性质分为9个生产岗位,高频听力损伤高于语频听力损伤,且LAeq,8h噪声暴露水平高的岗位,听力损伤程度大于噪声暴露水平高低的岗位。这表明噪声暴露水平与听力损伤之间存在剂量-反应关系(r=0.994,P<0.05)。身处非稳态噪声工作场所中的流动性工作岗位作业人员听力损伤率(85.71%)高于身处稳态噪声工作场所中(即工作位置相对固定)的作业人员听力损伤率(24.72%)。结论非稳态噪声、高频噪声引起的听力损伤比稳态的中、低频噪声引起的听力损伤严重。

Objective To understand hearing loss characteristics of workers working in the noise environ ment at an electrolytic aluminum enterprise＇s comprehensive workshop for controlling and eliminating occupational hearing damage. Methods Fifty six noise sites in the workshop were inspected and LAeq,8h was calculated according to the noise intensity, properties and workers exposare time. Combined with the results of 103 workers occupational health examination in consecutive 3 years, the characteristics of noise and hearing loss were analysed. Results One hundred and three workers were divided into 9 production posts. The high-frequency hearing damage was higher than speech-frequency hearing damage. Besides, hearing damage degree in working post with higher noise exposure was higher than that in working post with low noise exposure there was dose-effect relationship between noise exposure level and hearing damage （r = 0. 994, showing that P 〈0. 05）. Hearing damage rate of workers working in the unsteady noise environment（ 85.71% ） was higher than that of workers working in the relatively steady noise environment（24. 72% ）. Conclusion Hearing loss caused by unsteady noise, high-frequency noise was more serious than that caused by steady-state and low-frequency noise.