2008年南江县流感疫情症状分析

Symptoms of Cases in Influenza Outbreak in Nanjiang County,2008

目的分析南江县1起流感疫情中病例的临床特征,为更好地诊断流感控制流行提供参考依据。方法对病例进行个案调查,填写病例基本信息和12种症状一览表,将12种症状归为头痛/头昏症状、全身中毒症状、消化道症状、卡他症状和呼吸道症状5大类,用Excel、EpiInfo进行数据分析。结果共有病例607例,罹患率30.7%;各类症状发生率为70.84%～91.93%。高峰期,头痛头昏症状的发生率较高,为93.13%(χ2=7.51,P<0.05),卡他症状较低,为72.33%(χ2=6.68,P<0.05)。各大类症状发生率男性为70%～91%,女性为68%～92%。头痛/头昏症状中,11岁组的发生率为96%,高于16岁组的发生率72.22%(χ2=4.39,P<0.05);消化道症状中,11岁组的症状发生率为92%,高于16岁组(χ2=6.03,P<0.05)。11岁组的重度头痛/头昏比例为50%,高于其他年龄组(χ2=20.12,P<0.05),消化道症状为43.48%,高于其他年龄组(χ2=59.40,P<0.01)。结论该次疫情,各类症状发生率均在70%以上,高峰期头痛头昏症状发生率较高,卡他症状较低;低年龄组的头痛头昏症状、消化道症状发生率较高且症状较重,全身中毒症状发生率较高而呼吸道症状较低。

Objective To analyze the clinical symptoms of influenza cases in an influenza outbreak in Nanjaing, provide scientific bases for the control of the influenza outbreaks. Methods The basic information and clinical symptoms of the cases were collected by case survey. The symptoms were classified into five categories, and the data were analyzed by Excel and Epi - info. Results A total of 607 eases occurred with the attack rate of 30. 7%. The incidence rate of 5 symptoms ranged from 70. 84% to 91.93%. At the peak time, the onset rate of headache was 93. 13% （χ^2=7.51, P =0. 02） and the onset rate of catarrh was 72. 33% （χ^2=6. 68, P = 0. 04）. There was no difference on the onset rates of 5 symptoms between boys and girls. The rate for boys ranged from 70% to 91%, and for girls from 68% to 92%. The onset rate of headache was 96% for 11 years old age group, which was higher than that 16 years old age group（χ^2=4. 39, P =0. 03）. The onset rate of digestive tract symptom was 92% for 11 years old age group, which was higher than that of 16 years old age group too（χ^2 =6. 03, P =0. 01）. The proportion of severe headache in 11 years old age group was 50%, which was higher than any other age groups（χ^2= 20. 12, P = 0. 03 ）, and the proportion of digestive tract symptom was 43. 48% in 11 years old age group, which was also higher than any other age groups（χ^2=59. 40, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion The onset rates of 5 clinical symptoms were all above 70%. The onset rate of headache was higher and the onset rate of catarrh was lower at the peak time. In younger age groups, headache, higher digestive tract symptom were more severe with onset rate, the onset rate of general toxic symptom was higher, and that of respiratory tract symptom was lower.