清洗消毒对集中空调通风系统空气质量改善效果的评价

Assessment of the air quality improment of cleaning and disinfection on central air-conditioning ventilation system

目的评价公共场所集中空调通风系统消洗消毒效果。方法依据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学评价规范》(2006年)对天津市46家公共场所102组集中空调通风系统清洗消毒前后相关卫生指标进行监测和评价。结果清洗消毒前后比较,管道积尘量中位数由41.8g/m2降至0.4g/m2,合格率由17.3%(13/60)提高到100%(62/62);积尘中细菌总数和真菌总数中位数分别由14、10cfu/cm2降至1和0cfu/cm2,合格率分别由92.4%(171/185)、82.2%(152/185)提高到99.4%(165/166)、100%(166/166);送风中细菌总数、真菌总数分别由756、382cfu/m3下降为229、120cfu/m3,合格率分别由33.3%(81/243)、62.1%(151/243)提高到79.8%(292/366)、87.7%(242/276)。可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度由0.060mg/m3上升至0.068mg/m3,合格率由74.2%(13/60)提高到90.2%(46/51)。结论公共场所集中空调通风系统清洗消毒对改善其送风和管道卫生状况有明显的效果,使用集中空调的公共场所及公共建筑均应定期清洗消毒以保证集中空调的卫生安全。

Objective To assess the effect of air quality of cleaning and disinfection on central air-conditioning ventilation systems. Method 102 air-conditioning ventilation systems in 46 public facilities were sampled and investigated based on Hygienic assessment criterion of cleaning and disinfection of public central air-conditioning systems. Results Median dnst volume decreased from 41.8g/m^2 to 0.4g/m^2 , and the percentage of pipes meeting the national standard for dust decreased from 17.3% （13/60） to 100 % （62162）. In the dust, median aerobic bacterial count decreased from 14efu/ cm^2 to lefu/cm^2. Median aerobic fungus count decreased from 10cfu/cm2 to Ocfu/cm^2. The percentage of pipes with bacterial and fungus counts meeting the national standard increased from 92.4 % （171/185） and 82.2% （152/185） to 99.4 % （165/166） and 100% （166/166）, respectively. In the ventilation air, median aerobic bacterial count decreased from 756cfu/m^3 to 229cfu/m^3. Median aerobic fungus count decreased from 382cfn/m^3 to 120cfu/m^3. The percentage of pipes meeting the national standard for ventilation air increased from 33.3 % （81/243） and 62.1% （151/243） to 79.8 % （292/366） and 87.7% （242/276）, respectively. But PM10 rose from 0.060 mg/m3 to 0.068 mg/m^3 , and the percentage of pipes meeting the national standard for PM10 increased from 74.2 % （13/60） to 90.2% （46/51）. Conclusion The cleaning and disinfection of central air-conditioning ventilation systems could have a beneficial effect of air quality.