坡地果园间种不同绿肥的效应研究

Effects of interplanting different kinds of green manure weed on sloping orchard

为改良坡地果园土壤,开辟果园有机肥源,进行了果园间种白花草、三叶草、芒草并压青的定位测定试验。结果表明,间种这3种草可明显提高果园土壤的pH值,增加土壤有机质,培肥土壤,提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量。与无覆盖处理相比,果园间种绿肥pH值提高0.5～0.7个单位,有机质含量提高1.1～3.3 g/kg,土壤碱解氮、速效磷(P2O5)和速效钾(K2O)分别提高2.5～7.1、0.8～2.1、5.8～12.2 mg/kg。同时还可改善坡地果园生态小气候、稳定地温,不同绿肥覆盖显著降低地表温度3.9～7.6℃,进而调节了果树生长环境,有利于果树生长。果园间种绿肥与无覆盖处理相比,桃单果重平均增加7.7%,单株产量平均增加12.5%,差异显著。

Fixed trials of interplanting green-manure weed （IPGMW） were conducted with the objectives to improve soil environment and extend resources of organic manure for sloping orchards. Three kinds of the weed, capparales, clover and Chinese silvergrass were grown and banded in soil around the crown of fruit trees at flowering stage. Results indicated that IPGMW significantly improved orchard soils through raising pH, increasing contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In comparison to treatment without green manure, IPGMW increased 0.5-0.7 pH value, organic matter by 1.1-3.3 g/kg, available N, P2O5, and K2O respectively by 2.5-7.1, 0.8-2.1 and 5.8-12.2 mg/kg. Meanwhile, IPGMW resulted in 3.9-7.6℃ lower temperature at ground surface, which should optimize the ecological circumstance for the orchard and benefit growth and development of fruit trees. As the result, IPGMW significantly increased single fruit weight by 7.7%, and yield by 12.5% for peach orchard comparing to treatment without green manure.