海南槟榔结果树的营养特性

Nutrient Characteristics of Areca catechu in Hainan

采用定点定时采样分析的方法,探讨海南槟榔结果树在不同月份和不同组织器官养分积累的特性。结果表明:(1)氮主要分布在槟榔的叶、果和果柄中;磷、钾分布在叶柄和果柄中;钙分布在叶和果柄中;镁分布在叶和叶柄中。叶片微量元素的含量大小顺序为Mn>Cl>Fe>Na>Zn>B>Cu;果实为Cl>Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu>Na。(2)槟榔叶片中氮含量最高,磷含量较低。微量元素Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn,B的含量分别为:4.64,124.03,44.91,4.62,0.49mg/kg。(3)年生长周期中养分的动态变化为:氮在6月份和12月份有2个明显的高峰值,钾在6月份和10月份有2个明显的高峰值,叶片中磷、钙、镁、钠的含量变化在年生长周期中均不显著。(4)年生长周期中不同花序的花、果实、果柄中养分含量差异不显著。槟榔在花苞处于分化阶段时对钾的需求量大。(5)槟榔生长从土壤中带走的养分总量分别为:N57.1g/株,P6.84g/株,K72.96g/株,Ca23.38g/株,Mg14.92g/株。槟榔结果树各养分的配比为:N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg=1∶0.12∶1.28∶0.41∶0.26。

A reca catechu was sampled by positioning and timing and the samples collected were analyzed in terms of nutrients to discuss the characteristics of nutrient accumulation of various tissues or organs in different months. The nutrient N was found mainly distributed in leaves, fruits and fruit stalk; P and K in petiole and fruit stalk; Ca in leaves and fruit stalk; and Mg in leaves and petiole. Content of trace elements in leaves and fruits was in the respective descending order of Mn〉 Cl〉 Fe〉 Na〉 Zn〉 B〉 Cu, and Cl〉 Fe〉 Mn〉 Zn〉 B〉 Cu〉 Na. In the leaves N content was the highest, and the P content lower; the content of trace elements in leaves was Cu 4.64 mg/kg, Fe 124.03 mg/kg, Mn 44.91 mg/kg, Zn 4.62 mg/kg, and B 0.49 mg/kg, respectively. The dynamic change of nutrients in one year was as follows： N content showed 2 obvious peaks in June and December respectively; K content had 2 obvious peaks, occurring in June and October, separately; and the leaf nutrient content of P, Ca, Mg and Na was not changed evidently during an annual growth. No significant difference in nutrient content during an annual growth cycle was found in flowers, fruit and fruit stalk of various panicles. The areca palm required a lot of K at the floral bud differentiation stage. The total nutrients removed from the soil by the areca palm during its growth were： N 57.1 g/plant, P 6.84 g/plant, K 72.96 g/plant, Ca 23.38 g/plant, Mg 14.92 g/plant, respectively. The optimal nutrient ratio for the fruiting palm was N： P： K： Ca： Mg= 1： 0.12： 1.28： 0.41： 0.26.