橡胶树品种热研7-33-97花药愈伤组织形态发生和组织学研究

Morphogenesis and Histology of Calli Derived from Anthers of Rubber Clone Reyan7-33-97(Hevea brasiliensis Müll.Arg.)

以大规模推广的橡胶树品种热研7-33-97为材料,对橡胶树花药愈伤发生的形态学、组织学进行研究,为胚与非胚性愈伤组织的区分提供试验依据,在橡胶树组织培养和遗传转化中具有重要的意义。结果表明,花药胚与非胚性愈伤组织有着明显差别,前者表现为组织疏松脆性,表面凹凸不平,有较多小球状突起,细胞中含有较大的胞核,细胞形状呈规则小圆球形,细胞排列紧密,细胞体积较小;后者存在两种类型,第一种表现为结构紧密,整块组织硬实,表面较平滑,细胞形态不规则,胞质稀少,部分细胞含有极小的胞核,细胞体积大,第二种表现为组织松软、水渍状,细胞不含有胞核,胞质极稀薄并液泡化,细胞形状不规则,细胞排列较疏松,胞间间隙较大,细胞体积较大。热研7-33-97花药胚性愈伤发生率较低,仅为42%,但分化力强。

The morphology and histology of the calli derived from anthers of commercially cultivated rubber clone Reyan7-33-97（Hevea brasiliensis Mall. Arg.） were systematically studied, which provides an experimental evidence for distinguishing embryogenie callus （EC） morphologically and histologically from non-embryogenic callus （NEC）, and will be helpful in the development of tissue culture and genetic transformation of the rubber tree. The results showed a significant difference in morphological and histological properties between EC and NEC. EC was loose, friable, and rough with many small granules on the surface, and EC cells were small, globular, tightly aligned, and had big nucleus. NEC had two different types, NEC Ⅰ and NEC Ⅱ, and the NEC Ⅰ type callus was compact, hard and smooth while the NEC Ⅱ type callus was soft and water-logged. Histologically, both NEC types of cells were irregular in shape, thin in cytoplasm, and large in size. All the NEC Ⅱ cells had no nucleus but some of the NECI cells had an extremely small nucleus. Furthermore, the NEC Ⅱ cells were vacuolar and had wider intercellular space than the NEC Ⅰ ones. EC had a lower inducing rate in Reyan7-33-97, only 42%, but gave a high differentiation rate.