论汉代“过秦”思想的历史局限

The Historical Limitations of "Guoqin" Idea in the Western Han Dynasty

汉代史论家的"过秦"思潮,曾经对巩固汉朝的统治起过积极作用,但也存在着历史局限,一是"重其亡而忽其兴",对秦朝的兴盛过程与历史地位研究不够,重视不足,不利于对秦朝历史的全面认识和客观评价。二是"扬道德而非法治",对秦朝的法治主义全盘否定,对道德因素在治理国家中的作用无限拔高,既制约了汉代政治制度的建设与完善,也弱化了中国古代国家治理中的法制意识。三是"笃于义而薄于利",对秦功利主义价值观的过度批判,限制了古代社会对个人利益的追求与个性特点的发展。

The idea of Guoqin,or the thinking about the reason why the Qin Dynasty fell,used to contributed to the consolidation of the rulership of the Western Han Dynasty.At the same time,it has several historical limitations.Firstly,this idea emphasizes the fall rather than the rise of the Qin Dynasty,secondly,it praises the morality,but scorn the rule by legal system.Thirdly,it abides to righteousness and despises benefit.All these limitations are not good for both the society and individual in the long ran.