我国乡村医生队伍的产生发展和现状

The Origin, Development and Status Quo of Rural Doctors in China

文章在文献查阅与归纳的基础上,梳理了我国乡村医生队伍的产生、发展与现状,肯定取得的成绩,明确存在的潜在问题,为进行乡村医生及其服务方面的研究奠定基础。我国乡村医生兴起于20世纪60年代,亦称为"赤脚医生",这支队伍当时极大地促进了广大农民健康状况的改善,连同合作医疗和农村三级卫生服务网曾被世界卫生组织誉为"中国的三大法宝"。80年代中期以后,我国农村的乡村医生转入平稳发展时期,乡村医生规范化管理已经进入一个可持续发展时期,乡村医生的素质有了明显提高。但是,目前的乡村医生队伍仍然存在很多问题,包括乡村医生的定性问题、管理问题、年龄和学历结构不合理问题、继续教育问题、报酬和养老保障问题等,这些问题都有待于进一步解决。

The origin, development and status quo of rural doctors was sorted out on the basis of reviewing the literature, the achievements and problems of rural doctors were affirmed, and the results were the foundation for the study of rural doctors and their services. Rural doctors of China appeared in the 1960s, also known as the ＂barefoot doctors＂ . At the time, the team has greatly promoted the improvement of the farmers’ health, together with the rural cooperative medical scheme and three-level health service network has been praised as ＂China＇s three magic weapons＂ by WHO. Since the mid-SOs, the development of rural doctors in China has entered into a smooth development period, the standardized management of rural doctors has entered into a period of sustainable development, and the quality of rural doctors has improved markedly. However, in the current, the team of rural doctors still has a lot of problems, including qualitative problems, management problems, age and educational institutions, the problems of continuing education and pension security, and so on. All these problems are waited to be resolved.