焚烧法处置医疗废物产生的废渣中重金属健康风险研究

Research on risk of heavy metal caused by incineration of medical disposal

焚烧法被认为是目前医疗废物安全处置最为可行的处置方法之一,但处置医疗废物产生的残渣(飞灰、灰渣)若直接释放到环境中,则仍可能存在潜在的环境风险与危害。本文通过浸出实验与模式预测相结合,研究出飞灰与灰渣中重金属通过饮水途径对人体产生的健康风险值。对比国际辐射防护委员会(ICR)推荐的人体最大可接受风险水平5.0×10-5a-1,认为医疗废物经焚烧处置后,释放的飞灰、灰渣存在着健康风险隐患,应该对其按危险废物进行处置与环境管理。

Incineration is regarded as one of the most pratical method dealing with medical disposal, however, if the residue which is caused by medical disposal was unleashed directly to air, the potential environmental risk and damage exist.By introducing combination of lixiviating method with model forecast, the risk level of heavy metal which is spreaded by drinking water on human body is obtained.In comparison with the maximum level for humanbeing＇s endurance given by international commission on radiological Protection（ICRP）, 5.0×10^-5a^-1, the dust and residue released by incinerating medical disposal possess latent health danger.Thus it should by managed as dangerous disposal.