大粒晚熟石榴优良无性系ZX03-1选育

Selective Breeding of Large-fruit-grain,Late-maturing,High-quality Pomegranate Clone ZX03-1

经过2003--2008年的选育，从山东枣庄石榴资源中选出大粒晚熟石榴新无性系ZX03-1，果面鲜红色；单果质量412～474g，平均单果质量450g，最大单果质量1432g；百粒质量76．3～83．5g，平均百籽质量81．4g，最大百籽质量92．6g，仁较一般石榴稍软；含可溶性固形物15％～16％，品质极上。果实成熟期10月中下旬。在≥5℃室内条件下，使用60％百泰可分散粒剂1000倍液处理果实，用一层卫生纸包裹后装入聚乙烯保鲜袋，可贮藏到2月下旬。通过在4年生大青皮甜石榴上高接试验，新梢平均长度110cm，基部直径1．2cm；高接后第5年平均株产45．5k冀。草炭土、蛭石、清水沙按1：1：1比例为基质进行硬枝扦插，成活率为98．5％。1年生硬枝扦插苗定植后，翌年开花株率100％，结果株率95％，株产3．7奴。通过对，新建园连续5年对比试验，结果表明，ZX03～1的平均株产16．05kg、百籽质量81．4鼽可溶性固形物含量15．3％，分别比大青皮甜高42．3％、73．6％、5．5％，比泰山红高0．2％、52．1％和3．4％；单果质量450g，较大青皮甜低12．1％，较泰山红高5．4％；籽粒硬度9．75kg，分别较大青皮甜和泰山红低4．4％和3．8％。

A new pomegranate clone ZX03-1 with the characteristics of large-fruit-grain, late-maturing was selected from local pomegranate resources during the period 2003 - 2008. With the red fruit surface of ZX03-1, its weight of a single fruit was ranged from 412 g to 474 g, the average was 450 g and the largest was 1432 g. The weight of 100-grain varied from 76.3 g to 83.5 g, with an average of 81.4 g, and the largest was 92.6 g. The content of soluble solids was varied from 15% to 16% and the seeds were softer than the common cultivar. The fruit was matured in late October and could be stored until next February by the special treatment in indoor with a temperature above 5℃. Top grafting ZX03-1 buds on 4-year Daqingpitian pomegranate trees, the average length of new shoot was about 110 cm and the average diameter of basal was about 1.2 cm. The average yield was 45.5 kg per tree in the fifth year after grafting. The survival rate of plantlets was reached 98.5% when hardwood cutting on the media （ turf 1： vermiculite 1： river sand 1 ）. Using one-year-old cutting seedlings to establish the orchard, the plant flowering rate was 100%, the fruit set percentage was 95% , and the average yield was 3.7 kg per tree in next year. The results of five years study in the new orchard showed that the average yield of single plant, 100-grain weight and soluble solid content of ZX03-1 was increased by 42.3% , 73.6% and 5.5% , respectively compared with the Daqingpitian, and increased by 0.2%, 52.1% and 3.4% , respectively compared with the Taishanhong. The average single fruit mass of ZX03-1 was 450 g and increased by 12. 1% and 5.4% respectively compared with Daqingpitian and Taishanhong. The average hardness degree of ZX03-1 seeds was 9.75 kg decreased by g. 4% and 3.8% compared with the Daqingpitian and the Taishanhong, respectively.