1985-2007年衢州市狂犬病流行情况及监测分析

Epidemic situation and investigation of surveillance on rabies in Quzhou city from 1985 to 2007

目的分析衢州市1985-2007年狂犬病流行特征,探讨发病回升的原因并提出相应的防制措施。方法收集1985-2007年衢州市狂犬病疫情资料,用Excel 2003和SPSS 13.0软件对所有数据进行整理和分析。结果衢州市自1985年建市以来共报告狂犬病31例,死亡31例,病死率100%。发病主要集中在1992年前,1993-2003年无病例报告,2004年开始疫情又有回升的趋势。全市除开化县外,其他各县均有病例报告,全年各月均可发病,发病以儿童和青壮年为主,男性多于女性,职业分布主要是农民,占发病总数的77.42%。病例以犬伤为主,绝大部分未进行伤口处理和免疫接种。近年来,人群暴露率有逐年上升的趋势,但暴露后免疫接种率反而有所下降。结论衢州市狂犬病疫情呈快速增长趋势。犬类数量增加致使人群暴露率上升,群众防病知识缺乏,未能及时规范处理暴露伤口和免疫接种,以及狂犬病疫苗价格上涨是导致疫情回升的主要原因,需采取针对性措施控制疫情。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of rabies from 1985 to 2007, and explore the reasons causing the increase of rabies and to provide the control measures. Methods The data of rabies incidences collected from 1985-2007 were classified and analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0. Results There were 31 eases of rabies during 1985-2007 in Quzhou, and 31 died, the mortality was 100%. Most of the cases occurred before 1992, and there were no case from 1993 to 2003. But the incidence gradually increased after 2004. There were cases reported in all counties except for Kaihua, and the epidemic could be seen each month. Children and young adults were more frequently affected and the incidence in males was higher than that in females. The peasants were the most susceptible peoples, which accounted for 77.42%. The cases were caused by dog bitten and most of them did not receive wound treatment or immunization. In recent years, the exposure rate of people increased from year to year, but the immunization rate after exposed tended to reduce. Conclusion The incidence of rabies in Quzhou presented a rapid rising trend. The increase of dog quantities leaded to the rising of exposure rate. The reasons leading to the increase of epidemic situation were the shortage of disease prevention knowledge, non-timely treatment of exposure wounds and immunization and the rising of rabies vaccine price. It should take specific measures to control rabies.