右心房条索的大体解剖

Gross anatomy of the cords in right atrium

目的了解右心房内条索的形态特点及分布规律，为心脏临床提供解剖学资料。方法２２例成人尸体心脏，切开右心房，肉眼观察房腔内各种条索的形态和分布，并用米尺对部分条索进行测量。结果界嵴长４．４１ｃｍ，宽０．４８ｃｍ，梳状肌起点９．５５条，止点８．３６条。起止之间相互交织。梳状肌有部分呈游离条索。提出了门索的概念。门索远侧为丛状条索，近侧为界嵴和梳状肌。结论右心房的条索分为纵向、横向和丛状三类。门索可能具有提缩房腔和防止心房过度扩张的作用，手术应予保护。

Objective To reseach the morphological features and the distribution pattern of the cords in the right atrium and provide cardioclinics with anatomic material.Methods The right atrium of 22 adult hearts were incised.The morphology and destribution of all the cords in right atrium were observed and some cords were measured.Results Terminal crest was 4.41cm long,0.48cm wide. The number of origin of pectinal muscles were 9.55 and that of insertion 8. 36. Weaving pectinate muscles were located between origin and insertion. The partial pecinal muscles were free from atrium wall.The concept of entrance cord was put forward.Proximal cords of entrance cord was terminal crest and pectinate muscle,and distal one was plexiform cords.Conclusion The cords could be divided into three types which were longitudinal,horizontal and plexiform cords.The entrance cord could raise and contract the right atrium wall,and prevent the right atrium from excessive expansion. It should be protected during the operation on heart.