从《敦煌变文集》看“了”的用法

On the Usage of "liao" from The Changing Articles Collection of Dunhuang

唐代是近代汉语词汇体系形成的重要历史时期。敦煌文书是唐五代最重要的近代汉语研究资料。以《敦煌变文集》作为考察对象,发现唐五代时期,"了"主要出现在以下四种格式中:用于主语之后作谓语;置于前一个动词宾语之后作谓语;用于动词之后作补语;放在动词和宾语之间起帮助作用。通过分析"了"字在每一种句式中的特点和功能,得出结论:"了"字从动词逐步虚化为助词,且在唐五代末,助词"了"在口语中就已开始使用。

Tang Dynasty is an important history period to study the semantic system formation of modem Chinese. Dunhuang articles are the most important materials of this period. On the basis of The Changing Articles of Dunhuang, the paper finds that there are five styles of the usage of ＂liao＂. First, it is used as a verb after a subject; Second, after putting in the preceding verb object, making a predicate; Third, after using in the verb, making a complement; Fourth, it is placed between the verb and the object the help function. Through the analysis on the characteristic and the function of ＂liao＂ in each kind of sentence, the paper draws the conclusion： ＂liao＂changed into the auxiliary gradually from the verb the and auxiliary＂ liao＂ was used in snoken language in the end of Tang Dynasty and The Five Dynasties.