RNA干扰技术及其在肝纤维化中的应用

RNA interference technology and its application in liver fibrosis

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是近几年发展起来的新技术,是外源和内源性双链RNA在生物体内诱导同源靶基因的mRNA特异性降解,因而抑制相应基因表达,导致转录后基因沉默的现象。尽管RNA干扰发现的时间较短,但由于其具有操作简单、成本低、特异性高和高效性等特点,因而发展迅速。小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)的可制备使RNAi在很多领域有了应用的前景,尤其是在复杂多变的肝脏疾病中。肝纤维化(hepatic fibrosis,HF)是多种慢性肝病发展的共同病理基础,RNAi技术在其基因治疗领域拥有广阔的前景。RNAi具有能够调节细胞增殖、抑制致病基因的表达、影响细胞的信号转导等方面的作用,可能成为肝纤维化有效的潜在治疗手段。

RNA interference （RNA interference, RNAi） is developed new technology in recent years, is exogenous and endogenous double-stranded RNA-induced homologous target gene-specific degradation of mRNA in vivo, thereby inhibiting the corresponding gene expression, leading to transcription the phenomenon of gene silencing. RNA interference was found the relatively short time, but because of its simple, low cost, high specificity and high efficiency, etc., which have developed rapidly. Small interfering RNA （small interfering RNA, siRNA） can be prepared so that the field of RNAi has been applied in many prospects, especially in the complicated and ever-changing in liver disease. Liver fibrosis （hepatic fibrosis, HF） is the development of a variety of chronic liver disease common patho- logical basis, RNAi technology have broad prospects in the field of gene therapy. RNAi has to regulate cell proliferation, inhibiting the expression of genes affecting cell signal transducfion, as the role of liver fibrosis may be a potential effective treatment.