“腔段”类型试析

The Analysis of Qiang Duan (Tune Period) Types

在中国传统音乐结构层次中,腔段指的是乐意完整或相对完整的结构单位。一般由两个或两个以上的腔句组成。也有只用一个腔句的。由于中国传统音乐创作方式的一曲多变,腔段含有一定曲调框架或某曲调框架组成部分的意义。根据腔段内部所含的腔句数,腔段大致分为一句体、两句体、三句体、四句体、五句体和多句体等类型。本文试从腔段所含的腔句数、腔句组合形式以及腔韵运用等方面论述腔段,对其进行分析与总结。

Among the structure levels of traditional Chinese music, qiang duan （tune per- iod） refers to the structure unit of a complete or relatively complete musical idea. Generally a qiang duan covers two or more qiangju （tune sentence）, occasionally only one. Because the composing method of traditional Chinese music is that one tune can evolve into varied pieces, qiang duan implies the structural meaning of a fixed tune pattern or certain tune pattern. According to the number of qiang ju encompassing a qiang duan, qiang duan roughly falls into such types as one-sentence style, two-sentence style, three-sentence style, foursentence style, five-sentence style and more-sentence style. This article discusses qiang duan from the aspects of qiang ju number in a qiang duan, the combining forms of qiang ju, the employment of qiang yun （tune rhyme）, etc., and also makes an analysis and summary about it.