重金属废水的生物治理技术研究进展

Review on Microbiological and Botanical Treatment Technology for Heavy Metal Wastewater

重金属污染水体的修复是目前研究的热点之一,其中生物治理技术尤其得到了广泛关注。利用菌类微生物的表面结构特性及其生化代谢作用,通过吸附法、代谢法、絮凝法等将重金属元素与水体分离或降低其毒性,可达到废水治理的目的。运用藻类细胞壁对重金属离子的化学吸附作用,可从水体中分离出重金属离子,国内外对此进行了广泛研究。种植能富集重金属的水生植物可有效治理受污染的天然水体。基因工程技术在这一领域的应用,加强了菌类和微藻的吸附、代谢、絮凝功能,提高了废水处理能力。固定化技术的应用提高了废水治理的效率及稳定性,有力地推动了重金属废水微生物治理技术的发展。文章综述了近年来国内外在利用微生物及植物技术治理重金属废水方面的研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了展望。

Development in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater at home and abroad by means of microbiological and botanical techniques were summarized, and present studies and application prospects of fungus method, alga method and phytoremediation technology as well as the application of gene engineering technique and immobilized microorganism technique to heavy metal wastewater treatment were introduced. The prospects of development of treatment technology for heavy metal wastewater were also discussed.