地理成本与人口空间分布格局研究

Geographical Cost and the Population Distribution Pattern

调整人口分布,实现区域人口、经济与地理环境的协调发展是我国推进形成主体功能区所要解决的重大问题之一。这种条件下,对我国人口分布进行合理性判断显得尤其重要。从我国的人口分布格局来看,尽管存在局部性人地关系矛盾突出的区域,但整体上我国的人口分布与地理环境是具有一致性的。以这一判断为出发点,本文在从传统角度分析地形海拔、水热条件、土地供养能力等地理环境要素以及地理环境变迁等对人口分布影响的基础上,提出地理成本是影响人口分布的重要因素之一,并从地理成本角度分析了其对个人行为方向选择、资本投资方向选择等的约束性作用及进一步对人口分布的影响,接着又从区域发展角度分析了地理成本对自然地理环境条件较差地域地方政府的刚性发展约束以及这种条件下形成对区域人口外迁的影响。最后,本文认为地理成本约束下我国的人口分布与地理环境之间具有一致性的耦合。

It is one of the major issues to adjust population distribution and carry out the coordinated development of regional population,economic and geographical environment in promoting and forming major function oriented zones.Perspicuously,it is more significant to judge the reasonableness of Chinese population distribution.Even though there are some regions where manland relationship is in an obvious contradiction,it is consistent between population distribution and geographical environment from the whole China. From the judgment, on thebasis of analysis of the impact of population distribution from the natural environment of terrain, altitude, hydro-thermal condition, land supporting capacity and environmental changes, the article puts forward that geographical cost is one of the primary factors in impacting population distribution. And then, the article analyzes the impact of geographical cost on the direction selection of individual＇ s behavior and capital investment, regional development, and further on the population distribution in China; after that, it also analyzes the rigid constraint of geographical cost on local governments of poor environmental condition and further impact on population relocation from the view of regional development. Finally, the article considers that it is consistent between Chinese population distribution and geographical environment under the constraint of geographical cost.